Disney's Multiplane camera was invented by UB Iwerks, the same man responsible for design and animating the first Mickey Mouse cartoons. Here is a copy of the actual patent approved April 23, 1940.
The Multiplane camera was first used on Snow White and a short called "The Old Mill". It was used to bring depth to various scenes to get dimension to the animation and required several camera operators to shoot the complex scene.
There were only 3 multiplane cameras invented and used by the Disney studios. Here is a video with Walt Disney explaining the process and several clips of various animation scenes filmed with the Multiplane camera.
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